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Article 9
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Reviews of financial reports and financial forecasts of TWSE primary listed companies are categorized as either formal reviews or substantive reviews. Formal reviews apply to all TWSE primary listed companies; substantive reviews are conducted pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3.
In the TWSE's substantive review of a TWSE primary listed company's financial reports, the case selection rate is in principle at least as follows: 35 percent for annual financial reports, 25 percent for each period of each of second-quarter and third-quarter financial reports, , and 15 percent for first-quarter financial reports. A TWSE primary listed company must be selected for an audit at least once every 5 years. The specific criteria for selecting companies to be audited are as follows:
- Financial reports for the relevant period shall be selected based on the following criteria:
- Financial Items:
- There is a relatively substantial year-on-year change in operating revenue, operating income, or net income before tax.
- The share of losses by associates and joint ventures accounted for using the equity method reaches a certain monetary amount or a certain percentage of the company's current operating income, or total holdings of parent company equity by subsidiaries reaches a certain percentage of the parent company's equity.
- The total amount of purchases from (or sales to) related parties in the current period reaches 20 percent or more of the total amount of purchases (or sales) in the financial report, or shows a year-on-year increase for the current period of 50 percent or more and the amount also reaches 3 percent or more of equity.
- The period-end balance of receivables from related parties and advance payments to related parties reaches 10 percent or more of equity, or increases by 50 percent or more from the beginning of the period and also reaches 3 percent of equity.
- The cumulative amount of assets traded (excluding purchases and sales of goods) with related parties in the current period accounts for 3 percent or more of the total assets at period end.
- The increase in the amount of loans to others in the current quarter reaches 3 percent or more of equity, or the cumulative amount of loans to others at period end reaches 10 percent or more of equity.
- The increase in the amount of endorsements and guarantees in the current quarter reaches 10 percent or more of equity, or the cumulative amount of endorsements and guarantees at period end reaches 30 percent or more of equity.
- Financial ratios are poor.
- The amount of non-current equity investment accounts for a great share of equity.
- Net worth per share is too low. "Net worth" refers to equity attributable to owners of the parent.
- Non-financial Items:
- Resignation of a financial officer.
- Resignation of an accounting officer.
- Resignation of an internal audit officer.
- Resignation of a research and development officer.
- Change of certified public accountant (other than an internal adjustment at the accounting firm).
- Change in shareholdings of directors or supervisors, including those of their related parties as mentioned in paragraph 3, Article 22-2 of the Securities and Exchange Act.
- Change of directors or supervisors (including independent directors), or resignation of the chairperson or general manager.
- The board of directors is authorized to pay compensation for directors and supervisors in accordance with industry standards, and the compensation paid is found to be unreasonable according to the screening criteria.
- The information filed for the most recent month shows that pledges created by directors and supervisors exceed 50 percent or more of the actual shareholding of all directors and supervisors, including pledges and shareholdings of their related parties as mentioned in paragraph 3, Article 22-2 of the Securities and Exchange Act.
- The financial operations of the company have been materially affected by any litigation in the most recent year.
- The financial officer or accounting officer is related within the second degree of kinship to a director or supervisor.
If a company selected for auditing pursuant to the aforementioned criteria was selected in the previous quarter, it may be excluded from selection during the current quarter.
- A company that meets any of the following criteria shall be listed as a company requiring an audit. However, if implementation of the audit is deemed unnecessary after analysis, it need not be listed:
- A company for which any irregularities are discovered by a formal review of its financial report.
- There is a change in managerial control.
- There is any material change in its business scope.
- The normal trading method is reinstated for the company's listed securities because it has satisfied applicable requirements set forth in the TWSE Operating Rules after the trading of its securities was suspended or placed under an altered trading method due to a change in the company's managerial control and a material change to its business scope.
- There have been consecutive deficits in the most recent 3 years and incremental amount of current pre-tax income as compared to the same period of the preceding fiscal year reaches 30 percent or more of the amount of share capital stated in the financial report. In the case of a foreign issuer with shares having no par value or a par value other than NT$10, 15 percent of equity shall be used for calculation instead of the above-mentioned 30 percent of share capital.
- The amount of increase in net pre-tax losses relative to the same period in the preceding year reaches 30 percent or more of the share capital stated in the financial report. In the case of a foreign issuer with shares having no par value or a par value other than NT$10, 15 percent of equity shall be used for calculation instead of the above-mentioned 30 percent of share capital.
- Any of the criteria specified in subparagraphs c, d, and h of item A of the preceding subparagraph is met, while at the same time the sum in question is large and the company has not undergone a special audit in the previous quarter.
- There is uncertainty about the company's ability to make repayment at maturity for corporate bonds issued by it.
- Cash and cash equivalents account for too high a percentage of the share capital stated in the financial report, and there is no capital expenditure plan.
- There is a material irregularity in the amount of prepayments or their volatility.
- The amount of unrealized loss in the trading of derivatives reaches NT$100 million and amounts to 3 percent or more of equity, or the amount of open interest held for trading purposes in the period amounts to 40 percent or more of the share capital stated in the financial report. In case of a foreign issuer with shares having no par value or a par value other than NT$10, 20 percent of equity shall be used in calculation instead of the above-mentioned 40 percent of share capital.
- A company newly added to the current-quarter Public Bulletin Board of Companies Whose Financial Operations Require Special Attention.
- Receivables and inventory amounts in the financial report account for too high a percentage of equity.
- The receivables past due for one year or more in the financial report reach a certain monetary amount or reach a certain percentage of equity.
- There is change in the accounting policies or accounting estimates stated in the financial report.
- The amount of the current change in intangible assets accounts for 3% or more of the total assets.
- The discrepancy between the company's own unaudited (unreviewed) figures and the accountant's audited (reviewed) figures of the current operating revenue reaches 5% or more.
- An audit is required by the TWSE for other reasons.
- During each selection, the TWSE will additionally randomly choose companies for review based on the following criteria:
- Companies that have not had a substantive review of their financial reports for the most recent 3 years.
- Companies having disposed securities in the most recent quarter as announced by the TWSE.
- Other criteria for random selection.
Substantive reviews of financial forecasts are selective audits. In addition to being subject to audit under any of the following circumstances, a company may be subject to a spot audit in any quarter as circumstances require:
- For TWSE primary listed companies that publicly disclose complete financial forecasts:
- Explanatory text for the quarter is not updated in that quarter, but is updated the following quarter.
- There is a decline of 30 percent or more in comprehensive income in the updated (or corrected) financial forecast relative to the original forecast, while the amount of the decline is also in excess NT$200 million.
- A company's own un-audited figure for comprehensive income or its CPA audited and attested figure for comprehensive income, reported after fiscal year end, declines by 20 percent from the figure for comprehensive income in the most recent publicly disclosed and filed financial forecast, while at the same time the amount of decline reaches NT$30 million and 0.5 percent of the share capital stated in the financial reports, and in addition, relative to the figure in the originally prepared financial forecast, also declines by 30 percent and in an amount in excess of NT$200 million. In the case of a foreign issuer with shares having no par value or a par value other than NT$10, 0.25 percent of equity shall be used for calculation instead of the above-mentioned 0.5 percent of share capital.
- Comprehensive income in the updated (or corrected) financial forecast changes from surplus to deficit, while at the same time the amount of the difference exceeds NT$200 million or the updated (or corrected) figure for comprehensive losses reach NT$50 million.
- Questions are raised by external parties about a change in basic assumptions.
- For TWSE primary listed companies that publicly disclose summary financial forecasts:
- A decline in the CPA audited or reviewed figure for the current quarter's comprehensive income, relative to the figure in the most recent publicly disclosed and filed financial forecast, of 10 percent or more, when the amount of decline also exceeds NT$50 million.
- A decline in the figure for the current quarter's comprehensive income in the updated (or corrected) financial forecast, relative to the original financial forecast, of 10 percent or more, when the amount of decline also exceeds NT$50 million.
- Comprehensive income for the current quarter in the updated (or corrected) financial forecast changes from surplus to deficit, while at the same time the amount of the difference exceeds NT$100 million or the updated (or corrected) comprehensive losses for the current quarter reach NT$50 million.
- If forecasted comprehensive income is presented in interval estimates, calculation of the decline in comprehensive income for companies selected pursuant to the preceding paragraph will use the arithmetic mean of the upper and lower limits of the intervals for current quarter comprehensive income in the original and updated (or corrected) financial forecasts.
The competent authority may adjust the selection of companies for audit on the basis of paragraphs 2 and 3 as it deems necessary.
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